THE BIRDS AND I HAVE A LOT IN COMMON. We are both lightweight, flit nonstop from one thing to another, and can’t get enough winterberry hollies, or Ilex verticillata. Not content with my 35 or so big, old plants, I just added another 20 this fall. Good thing, too, since the birds seem to have told their friends, who told their friends….Welcome to a tale of my disappearing winterberry.
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- I.v. ‘Afterglow’
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- I.v. ‘Aurantiaca’
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- I.v. ‘Shaver’
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- I.v. ‘Cacapon’
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- I.v. ‘Winter Gold’
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- I.v. ‘Winter Red’
(Note on Gallery: Clicking on a thumbnail gives you a large, higher-quality image.)
Winterberry hollies are native to swampy areas from Canada south to Florida, from Wisconsin and Missouri east. Despite their heritage in wetlands, I grow my plants in normal to dry soil, at the edges of my hilly outer fields. I just don’t have wet lowland to offer on my windy hillside.
Though they’ll fruit much better in a moist year than a dry one (as with all fruiting plants), winterberries never disappoint. These are durable shrubs best used in mass plantings and in sunny spots where their nondescript spring and summer appearance (twiggy with plain green leaves) won’t be an aggravation. You need to add a male (non-fruiting) for each group of females; certain males pollinate certain varieties, and your nursery can help with the matchmaking.
I don’t put winterberries in the beds right by the house, but use them instead as a long-view item in fall and winter, when the garden is otherwise pretty quiet. I have masses of 8-12 plants each positioned in several directions from key vantage points inside the house, and even at 60 and 100 or more feet away, the fruited groupings “read” as brilliant landscape elements when I am tucked indoors.
Or so the theory goes. Only problem: The birds got a little greedy this year. Normally they start eating in late October, when the winterberry leaves begin to drop, but stagger their feeding frenzies so they they, and I, have something to savor until well into January. Normally they start with the red fruits, and don’t even think of moving on to the paler orange and golden ones till much later winter.
Not in 2008. In late October and the first week or so of November, I literally watched a large flock of cedar waxwings and another of American robins devour most of my oldest, largest plants’ fruit crops in a matter of days. All colors, not just red. The end.
Maybe they’ve discovered another trove of winter food nearby and staked it out for later sustenance, but I am frankly worried about both of us. I personally have no backup plan…although some long outdoor extension cords and several dozen strings of those tiny twinkly Christmas lights in red might do the trick.
The nerve of those birds! Leaving nothing for a Thanksgiving or Christmas feast (for bellies or eyes). Wish I had a long-enough view to enjoy such a feast. I’ll just have to figure one out.
Thanks for the empathy, Sharon. In a smaller landscape, use varieties like ‘Red Sprite’ (not shown here but smaller and great, with showy fruit), or ‘Shaver’ (shown). Along property line, roadside/fenceline, etc. Three females with a male tucked away behind them or nearby would make a really nice show.
Now you have me wondering . . . My winterberries retain their berries through the winter, and I always assumed it was because the fruit needed to freeze and thaw before it became edible. The birds clean off the Aronia and the Viburnum before they leave, but not the hollies. In fact, I know it’s spring when the returning robins strip them within a few days.
I’m on Long Island. What might make the difference?
Oh, and ‘Afterglow’ is on my list. Wow!
CJ
Hi, Cat. Many varieties (especially ‘Winter Red’ and ‘Cacapon’) will hold their fruit a long, long time. Before my place got on the birdmap to this degree, it was the robins and blue jays who stripped the leftover fruit in about February. Sometimes a flock of waxwings then, too.
Now two things are different: The place is like a beacon from overhead, I guess–so many fruiting trees and shrubs have reached mature size–and the birds’ patterns have also changed during these years. That latter bit is more about climate and habitat change and it’s why I help count winter birds with Project Feederwatch (http://birds.cornell.edu).
So I suspect a mix of factors has my visitors behaving differently (and also maybe they know something we don’t about the coming winter weather?).
I think I need some winterberries at the back of our big lot against the new fence. Perfect breakfast viewing. Thanks for the idea; it’s one I would never have come up with on my own.
If I plant these close enough together, will they create a deer barrier…or a deer buffet?
Thanks,
Cameron
The birds here are not interested in decorative effects either, Margaret – ate all the Beautyberries before fall had officially arrived, and the nandinas are already bare.
So far the yaupon holly berries are left alone. I was under the impression they had to be frozen before birds would take them, but don’t know it that’s really true. I’m hoping robins will come for the Burford Holly berries in early spring – they’re just coloring up now.
I love the idea of your garden berries being visible to flocks flying overhead! It reminds me of stories about hoboes making cryptic marks on fence posts to tell friends where the soft touches were located.
Annie at the Transplantable Rose
@Cameron: I have seen deer eat winterberries, twigs and all, when in fruit. Then again, I have seen deer eat blue spruces and things with stiff thorns and…EVERYTHING. I think you’d have to put a few strands of wire on posts or some fencing of some kind outside the row of hollies. (Even the thorny evergreen hollies are regularly eaten where deer can get at them, by the way.)
I can see why you added more of these to your garden. The berries are just fabulous.
We are gradually planting a hedgerow along one side of our property – for privacy and wildlife. I’ll have to check if there are any winterberries that are hardy to Canadian zone 3a/4b. Thanks so much for sharing these lovely photos!
Thanks for all the great info. I’m looking for some plants with some winter color. These are beautiful.
Thank you for this post! Do you think the birds have gotten together and decided winterberries are good after all? Mine are gone too.
I have craved winterberries for many years; I even failed once at a planting. I am now in a small suburban-type house where we planted four in the fall of ’07, carefully placed to be the focus of the winter views from our sunroom.
The plants have done well; they fruited well and looked fine when we left on a long trip mid-October. When we returned a month later there was an average of one to two berries per bush. I’d been worried something was wrong with the plants themselves; glad to learn it’s just irritating bird behavior.
We have deer too; they may have contributed.
Alas, I have just discovered that the receipts from our nurseryman do not include variety. These are large and very red. Likely type?
Welcome to Amy, Jill O, and Helen.
@Jill: Glad to have a convert…you will really enjoy them.
@Amy: Native winterberries are rated zones 3-9 and their range is Nova Scotia and Ontario to Florida and Missouri. Some horticultural varieties display a little less hardiness than the straight species and are rated Zone 4 only. Another factor: Fruit looks and holds best in some extremes of the range, both coldest and warmest, on some varieties better than others.
So…your local botanical garden or nursery is the best guide to local success stories. I always ask the best nursery in my area what they’ve done well with–with crabapples, for example, fruit on most yellow ones look brown and nasty pretty quick as cold descends, but not ‘Bob White.’ I wouldn’t have known that if I hadn’t asked a local expert.
@Helen: Large red fruit could be ‘Cacapon,’ ‘Winter Red,’ ‘Shaver, ‘Red Sprite’ or many others…need description of the shrubs size and habit (upright or more cascading branches) to even guess. Also to tell you need to examine how fruit is arranged–in what sized clusters (three berries, more?) and how close to the main branches and such). These are the various fine points (along with how early or late they flower, which is almost unnoticeable) that help you narrow the ID.
How timely. I was just surveying my garden thinking I need a winter berry bush of some kind. I will definitely check out the ‘Red Sprite’. Always enjoy your photos. Thanks.
Thanks for the info on the deer. They don’t usually forage much until February, but they are already sampling everything early this year. I may be the early winter down here. Snow flurries a few times already; more for mid-week. No accumulation, though. My archaeologist son has been digging in the snow-covered ground near Corning, so I can’t complain.
Cameron
In a horrible pique of selfishness I cut a large bunch of my Winterberries about two weeks ago and hung them in my shed. In my mind I was justified due the need for decoration with the coming holiday, but I still had guilt because of the birds. We had guests for dinner last night that we won’t see before X-mas so I thought, what the heck, I’m going to decorate now, and I put the whole bunch in a big vase in the center of the table and they are FANTASTIC. My guilt completely vanished ;-) and I’m planning on cutting more just in case… Oh well.
@Eric: All is forgiven. A gardener’s got to “feast” (at least visually in this case), too.
I do not know which one of the winter berries is my favorite, I will certainly be planting a combination of these next year. They did have a nerve leaving you nothing to look at. I have some extra lights if you need them.
The wintergold berries are my favorite! I wonder if I could find myself bundles of those for my wedding celebration!
Ever since my hubby proposed to me with a gorgeous diamond engagement ring from http://www.idonowidont.com I’ve wanted a rustic wedding!
I also think Aurantiaca are so pretty, I must tell my florist about getting something like these, thanks!
Welcome, Susie. Glad we have another believer in winterberries. Nice to hear from you, and congratulations on the happy news.
Hi Margaret, great post. I also wrote about bird feeding plants today, but not in great detail, and I appreciate the information you provided!
The early wipeout of berries makes me wonder if other food sources for the Waxwings have diminshed or disappeared… any change in the routine is alarming, I agree.
Glad to report my record keeping is a bit better than I thought yesterday. My winterberries are ‘Jolly Red’; the link doesn’t really do them justice. We were blown away by a full grown plant at the nursery. These are a good choice for Ct and environs; about 8 feet tall eventually.
http://www.horticopia.com/hortpix/html/pb6741.htm
The photo of the winterberry holly shows a strikingly beautiful plant. I am not familiar with them, out here in CA.
Like you, I consider the birds when I select plants; they love my weeping mulberry.
Terra
co-author of “Scrapbook of Christmas Firsts: Stories to Warm Your Heart and Tips to Simplify Your Holiday”
Walking in the woods two weeks ago, I noted a stand of Russian olives (which also have red berries) and some rose hips from the wild roses that grow in the woods. I went back this week to cut a few modest branches for the house and the bushes were stripped clean of both the Russian olive berries and the rose hips. Maybe it isn’t just winterberries….
Welcome, Jennifer. Glad you mention this. Guess what? Since I wrote of the rape fo the winterberries, my crabapples have similarly been ravished. Uh-oh. What do the birds know about the weather that’s just ahead?
I too, was disappointed to go out to cut my winterberries for Chrismas only to discover completly bare shrubs, not even one berry left. My holly had only a handfull of berries, as did my chokeberry bush. This was my first Christmas without those beautiful red berries.
Welcome, Lynda. The bad news: no berries for us. The good news: We are really managing some very successful wildlife gardens, aren’t we? :) My other hollies were likewise picked over, as well as my Aronia. All gone. ALl that’s left at this point: the yellow-fruited crabapples, which they leave for very, very last or don’t even eat some years. Thanks for starting the New Year with us, and come back soon.
Thanks for planting native bird sustaining plants like winterberry. Obviously those berries helped very hungry migrating birds! I have added several more winterberries and evergreen holly this fall and the resident mockingbird seems quite pleased with my efforts! :)))) I have robins and waxwings present but have not seen any of them eating the berries just the mockingbird so far, and they are spread out so he cannot defend them all. Our weather has been unseasonably warm!
If you enjoy the birds please check out my website!
Welcome, Jayne, and will do. Unseasonable here, too, over all, and other than migrants who came through and nibbled here and there, most of my activity will be later, during cold weather when seeds and insects and so on are scarcer, I guess. See you soon again, I hope.
Living in Northern Vermont (Zone 4) birds devour most of my berries before Halloween; even Malus floribunda (but they leave other crabapples until spring). So in my winter garden I planted large groups of shrubs with colored stems amongst yellow and blue conifers. I use lots of different Cornus (alba and sericea varieties, unfortunately C. sanguinea vars. (zone 5) turn black in late winter). I also use many willows that come in a wide variety of stem colors and are the easiest plant in the world to propagate and grow (I grow ~250 varieties in my Salley Garden!). I cut down almost all of the colored-stem shrubs to 6-8″ every second year to ensure the brightest colors from the vigorous new growth. My Viburnum dilatatum ‘Michael Dodge’ (Zone 5) have survived 3 winters, but no berries yet! By the way, thanks for the kudos about this hybrid in a recent “Way to Garden” (’twas a deliberate cross I made while workng at Winterthur Gardens) !
Welcome, Michael Dodge (not to be confused with the 7 woody creatures up on the hillside here by the same name). I have read about the Winterthur experiments, and the yield of ‘Michael Dodge,’ yes. What a beauty!
I am just beginning the last 5 years to try more twiggy Salix, and loving some. I am much in need of stooling them and some of my Cornus this next late-winter…always hate to do it, but always glad when I do (well, maybe a few months laterI am glad).
I am honored at your contribution here and wish that our paths had crossed in person!
Just curious: do winterberries come in tree varieties and also in bush varieties? I have seen beautiful trees around town that I was told were winterberry holly, but then sometimes photos look as though they are bushes. Is it the pruning or the varieties that make the difference? I think they are beautiful and would like to have some of the trees if I knew which variety to select.
Welcome Skye. Some varieties get quite large, almost like large shrubs/small trees…others are more mounded and shrub-like. So they can be from several feet high to maybe 12 or so? Important to select the right variety first and foremost, then you can also prune as severely as you want. But better to start with a short/tall kind rather than torture one into the other. :)
The ones I’ve noticed around town are the tree variety and they line the sides of some city streets. They are so beautiful in winter with the bright red berries, especially when there is snow on the ground. One thing I did find out about them which surprised me, is that you have to have a male pollinator to get the beautiful red berries. I guess that is logical, but I don’t think I would’ve thought about it if I hadn’t been told. Thanks for the information!
HI: This reference is timeless. I don’t have room, ie: ‘out-front’ for this 6 berry ensemble, but where U are, I’d die to see the setting. Urban wise, plot..only 50×200 ft, not yds, or furlongs.
Hardly an spot, in an mature Canuck nice mature 30+yr. garden, so be it! Maybe already too many star’s **here. So, encroaching, on grassy areas, all is left/right@de front. I’ve landscaped, perhaps with too many tonnes of rock, above or below,lg. or small U name it.
So, the JOY remains, amongst et al, but selective, [beyond me], perhaps suggestions here, by U-mar…maybe 3-4 single Winterberry Hollies, of the six-pack you have high regard. They, will drip to the new curb, then posterior, some yes two-T rocks, then an further posterior, Tri-weeping Katsura pines, all in good health. More in layers, still, before the house.
But, you have, def… spurred my creative juices…to finish off my ideal. It’s true I never had an creative idea myself, but known creatively, must ‘admit’, get my ideas from such fabulous sources…as this, place yours.
If, anybody wants an pic…of this entourage of plants, I could send it, but no, ‘winterberries’, in yet…oddly I do have resources, of some 6 Loganberries, out-back.
Poor, poor,poor spouse…Anne get ur’ gun…so little grass yet, OH! an spot of turf out-back.
Joy, joy, joy…..all this turmoil….maybe has kept the marriage to-gether for 40 yrs., God Forbid…not even tyme, for an Thanks Giving Turkey, past this Cdn. weekend, finished ‘something else’.
But, I alway’s await, your column…& sometime, do hit the ‘jackpot of ideas’, this again, appears, merely by accident.
We shall see,
Said; Tryptich Path’s Gardens, U say!!!
Keith Scott +, ‘over the hill’
I planted Winterberries a couple of years, they are still pretty small. The male of course has no berries , The female has berries and the other female only has one branch with berries. Its the oddest thing the berries only grow on one branch. Is there a kind of fertilizer I should use on there ? And when is the time to plant new ones ? I live in zone 7
Hi, Elaine. You can plant them anytime the ground can be worked, but I like early spring and again in the fall most of all, so that nature helps me keep them watered. (In the summer it can be so dry, you have to water nonstop so they don’t stress before they have time to root in well.)
What you are describing is incomplete pollination for some reason — could be weather, or that the male isn’t large enough to have enough pollen for both females yet I suppose (typically you can have one male for a group of three to five females). Or just that it sounds as if the plants aren’t full grown yet.
I don’t know if this happened just the one year, or each year you’ve had them, and how small they are and so on. Next spring keep a watchful eye for when the tiny white flowers are produced on the females and notice whether the male has his flowers at the same time to make sure you have a good matchup.
By the way, a dryspell can make fruit abort before its fully grown/ripened. Last year it was dry here and the fruit fell off many of my plants’ branches, so it looked as if they hadn’t set fruit — they had, but just didn’t have the water they needed to ripen it.
Or was Elaine’s second female plant perhaps a “mixed pot” when she purchased it, i.e. a couple plants together, a female and a couple males?? Odd behavior, otherwise.
Re: deer and winterberry. They are a high fat berry. Adult deer seem to ignore my berries (but browse the shoots later in the winter!!) But the years that twin fawns are born nearby, I have to set reminders to spray my winterberries proactively (Deer Off, Plantskydd). I’ve seen them stand on their hind legs to get at those high density winter calories, twigs and all. The shrubs are not a pretty sight after. . . and I thought they had finally grown above spring deer browsing height!
Re: birds eating winterberry in the fall, vs. on their return trip from points south, migrating robins ignored this “rule” in my garden, too, . . . until 2 years ago, when I had all the nearby barberry and buckthorn “shrubbery” bulldozed and buried. Now my winterberries no longer seem to be on their “migration itinerary”? Time will tell.
We are considering adding winterberry to a narrow bed between two driveways. I love the photos of “Red Sprite” and “Cacapon,” but I’m told they can’t be bought locally. The recommendations here are for “Winter Red” or “Sparkleberry.” Anyone have any opinions about those, pro or con?
Dahlink should do the necessary research to be sure the appropriate male winterberrys are also purchased for pollination. There is an early male ‘Southern Gentleman’ and a late male ‘Jim Dandy’. Ideally your nursery should be able to tell you which male(s) is/are needed.
As far as variety selection, there are differences in shrub size and berry color, but if you’re talking red berries, they will “read” the same regardless of variety: lovely zings of scarlet at a time of year “drained of color”, IF the berry eating robins and cedar waxwings aren’t in the vicinity!!
Kate K.–yes, we are aware that we will need an appropriate male, depending on what we chose, but thanks for the reminder.
Soooo, living in central NH, having had a dry,hot summer, and a heavy presence of American Robins and a deer or two or ten, am I to assume that is why there were virtually no Winterberries to gather along the roadsides,boggy areas, etc. this year to adorn all th beautiful balsam wreaths my fellow garden club members decorated for our town’s historical buildings?
Hi, Joyce. Here, too. Fruit aborts for various reasons having to do with environmental stress. My fruit formed (meaning pollination wasn’t interrupted in spring, but took place properly — some years late frost or crazy weather can disturb that) but then it aborted in summer, when the weather was hot and dry over prolonged periods. This year the stressor for you could like the same thing. Depressing — and imagine what the birds and small mammals are up against without all that lipid-rich fruit! Bad.